For questions 1--7, please read pages 28--37 (the book sections on
environments and on operational semantics of expressions).
These questions are multiple-choice.  

 1. $\xi$ is an environment that maps names to

    (a) *only* user-defined functions.
    (b) *only* the values of formal parameters.
    (c) *both* primitive and user-defined functions.
    (d) the values of *both* global variables and formal parameters.
    (e) *only* primitive functions.
    (f) *only* the values of global variables.

 2. $\phi$ is an environment that maps names to

    (a) *only* user-defined functions.
    (b) *only* the values of formal parameters.
    (c) *both* primitive and user-defined functions.
    (d) the values of *both* global variables and formal parameters.
    (e) *only* primitive functions.
    (f) *only* the values of global variables.

 3. $\rho$ is an environment that maps names to

    (a) *only* user-defined functions.
    (b) *only* the values of formal parameters.
    (c) *both* primitive and user-defined functions.
    (d) the values of *both* global variables and formal parameters.
    (e) *only* primitive functions.
    (f) *only* the values of global variables.

 4. In the operational semantics, what kind of a thing does the
    metavariable $e$ stand for?

    (a) an environment
    (b) an Impcore variable
    (c) an elaboration
    (d) an expression
    (e) a value
    (f) a function

 5. In the operational semantics, what kind of a thing does the
    metavariable $v$ stand for?

    (a) an environment
    (b) an Impcore variable
    (c) an elaboration
    (d) an expression
    (e) a value
    (f) a function

 6. In the operational semantics, what kind of a thing does the
    phrase $\rho\{x \mapsto 7\}(x)$ stand for?

    (a) an environment
    (b) an Impcore variable
    (c) an elaboration
    (d) an expression
    (e) a value
    (f) a function

 7. In the operational semantics, what kind of a thing does the
    phrase $\rho\{x \mapsto 7\}\{x \mapsto 8\}$ stand for?

    (a) an environment
    (b) an Impcore variable
    (c) an elaboration
    (d) an expression
    (e) a value
    (f) a function

Questions 8 and 9 are also based on
pages 28--37.
Please answer a number.

 8. How many rules have the IF syntactic form in the conclusion?

 9. How many rules have the APPLY syntactic form in the conclusion?
    (Look at all the rules in the section, not just the
    summary on page 80.)

Now let's understand a subtle point about rules. Study the FormalVar
and FormalAssign rules starting on page 32.  In FormalVar, the initial
and final states have the same $\rho$.  But in the FormalAssign rule,
there is an initial state with $\rho$, an intermediate state with
$\rho'$, and a final state with $\rho'\{x \mapsto v\}$.  Answer these
questions:

10. In rule FormalVar, the initial and final state have the same $\rho$ because

    (a) Evaluating $x$ might change the value of some formal parameter.
    (b) Evaluating $x$ might not change the value of any formal parameter.
    (c) Evaluating $x$ doesn't change the value of any formal parameter.
      
11. In rule FormalAssign, there is an intermediate state with $\rho'$
    (rho-prime) because

    (a) Evaluating $e$ might change the value of some formal parameter.
    (b) Evaluating $e$ might not change the value of any formal parameter.
    (c) Evaluating $e$ doesn't change the value of any formal parameter.

12. Consider the sample derivation on page 58.
The same $\rho$ is used throughout the derivation because

    (a) Every subexpression is known, and because there is no unknown
        subexpression, there is no need for a $\rho'$ (rho-prime).
    (b) No part of the evaluation changes the value of a formal parameter.
    (c) The example derivation takes a shortcut and doesn't actually
        conform to the rules.